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Anonimitas, Bebas atau Lepas?

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Jilbab hitam tiba-tiba tenar, tulisan yang dimuat di kompasiana langsung membuat heboh. Tulisan yang diberi judul “Tempo dan KataData memeras Bank Mandiri dalam Kasus SKK Migas?” menyangkutkan beberapa nama dan media-media besar tentang praktek “pesanan” dan “pemerasan” dalam menuliskan berita. Siapa jilbab hitam ini? Mengapa dia menggunakan anonym, bagaimana kompasiana menanggapi tulisan ini? Apakah penghapusan tulisan tersebut dianggap mengekang kebebasan bersuara? Apakah ada sanksi hukum?

Begitu kira-kira isi diskusi “Anonimitas dalam Kebebasan Berpendapat” yang diadakan di Kafe Tjikini, hari Senin tanggal 18 Nopember yang lalu. Adalah Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network (Safenet) yang memprakarsai jalannya diskusi ini. Dihadiri oleh beberapa narasumber yang kompoten di bidangnya diskusi ini informatif dan jelas memberikan wawasan tambahan tentang kebebasan berekspresi di dunia maya.

Sebagai pembuka, Kang Pepih Nugraha dari media warga Kompasiana menjelaskan kronologis terbitnya tulisan yang diposting oleh Jilbab Hitam. Sebagai pengelola lapak, bahan yang disajikan jelas masuk dalam pengawasan admin kompasiana, apalagi tulisan ini mengandung provokasi dimana jelas-jelas disebutkan nama dan media yang disebarkan oleh penulis. Jilbab hitam memang menggunakan teori hit and run. Dari penelurusan admin kompasiana, semua akun yang digunakan baru dibuat.” Kami sudah berusaha untuk berkomunikasi dengan penulis tetapi tidak ada tanggapan.” Kata mas Pepih. Itu juga yang menjadi alasan untuk Kompasiana, secara sepihak menghapus tulisan tersebut.

Apakah tindakan dari Kompasiana ini bisa dianggap mengekang kebebasan bersuara?

Pak Megi Margiyono dari Indonesia Online Advocacy menjelaskan, karena resiko hukum yang bisa dikenakan ke kompasiana sebagai media, tindakan untuk menghapus tulisan tersebut bisa jadi adalah pencegahan agar tidak tersangkut hukum. “Pihak yang merasa dirugikan bisa saja menuntut penulis dan medianya,”  Lalu kenapa yang bersangkutan menggunakan anonym?

Anonimitas digunakan karena beberapa alasan, bisa jadi merupakan tameng dari tirani, baik tirani negara atau tirani social. Bisa juga merupakan cuti moral dari seseorang dimana dia bisa bebas berbicara semaunya dan terbebas dari tanggung jawab (freedom of responsibility).

Bisa jadi juga karena memiliki pandangan minoritas, sehingga jika kedok terbuka yang bersangkutan akan menjadi musuh masyarakat.

Tetapi anonimitas juga penting,  kata Almascatie, blogger Maluku yang juga menjadi narasumber di acara diskusi ini. Anonimitas digunakan untuk menyampaikan kritik terhadap penguasa sehingga bebas menyuarakan kenyataan yang sebenarnya terjadi. “Sekarangpun masih ada penulis anonym yang menyampaikan kritik-kritik, dan masyarakat tidak menolak, bahkan mengakui dan sepakat dengan apa yang dituliskannya”

Suara itu tidak boleh dikekang, biarkan masyarakat sebagai pembaca belajar  dewasa dalam proses dan memilah-milah mana informasi yang pantas dan mana yang hoax. Begitu kira-kira kata Mas Donnie BU dari Internet Sehat. Mau anonym atau tidak, yang penting adalah content tulisannya. Dan pilihan ada pada para pembaca. Walaupun beresiko, tetapi proses pendewasaan itu penting, jika memilih diam, kita tidak akan mengubah keadaan.

Diskusi Anonimitas dalam Kebebasan Berpendapat
Diskusi Anonimitas dalam Kebebasan Berpendapat

Diskusi yang menarik dan dewasa ini tidak terlepas dari peran mas Indriyatno Banyumurti sebagai moderator. Perbedaan pandangan terhadap anonymitas ini jadi lengkap dengan dikemas dari berbagai sudut pandang, berbagai kepentingan.

Seharusnya memang kebebasan bersuara itu tidak dibatasi, selama masih bisa dipertanggungjawabkan. Undang-undang tentang kebebasan di dunia maya pun dirasa masih belum cukup melindungi hak untuk bersuara. Yang menulis dan yang membaca kedua-duanya harus semakin dewasa. Jika pun terjadi perselisihan harusnya diselesaikan dengan kedewasaan, tulisan yang dianggap merugikan bisa ditanggapi dengan tulisan juga. Setiap kejadian adalah pembelajaran.

Anonimitas memang bisa menjadi pilihan. Ingin bebas bersuara atau lepas dari tanggung jawab. Silahkan memilih

 

 

 

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